Iterambere n'amahirwe yo gusana ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi

Kubera ko hakiri icyuho kinini hagati y’inganda z’ubuvuzi zo mu gihugu cyanjye n’urwego rw’ubuvuzi bwo gusana rumaze igihe kinini mu bihugu byateye imbere, haracyari umwanya munini wo gukura mu nganda z’ubuvuzi zo gusana, ibyo bikaba bizamura iterambere ry’inganda z’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byo gusana. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ubwiyongere bw’umubare w’abantu bakeneye ubuvuzi bwo gusana no kongera ubushobozi bw’abaturage n’ubushake bwo kwishyura bitewe n’ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi busesuye, ubushobozi bw’inganda z’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi bwo gusana buracyari bwinshi.

1. Iterambere ryagutse ry'urwego rw'ubuvuzi bwo gusana rituma habaho iterambere ry'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi byo gusana

Nubwo icyifuzo cy’ubuvuzi bwo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe mu gihugu cyanjye kirimo kwiyongera kandi urwego rw’ubuvuzi bwo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe narwo ruri mu nzira yo gukomeza gutera imbere, ubuvuzi bwo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe bwibanda cyane cyane mu bitaro bikuru, bikiri mu rwego rwo gutanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi bwo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abarwayi bari mu cyiciro cy’uburwayi bukomeye. Uburyo bwiza bwo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe mu bihugu byateye imbere ntibushobora gusa kwemeza ko abarwayi bahabwa serivisi zikwiye zo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe, ahubwo bunatuma boherezwa ku gihe kugira ngo bazigame amafaranga y’ubuvuzi.

Dufashe urugero rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ubuvuzi bwo kuvura indwara zo mu cyiciro cya gatatu muri rusange bukorerwa mu bigo bivura indwara zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri, cyane cyane ku barwayi bari mu cyiciro cya kabiri kugira ngo bakore ubuvuzi bwo kuvura indwara zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri mu gihe cyo kuvurwa mu bitaro byihutirwa cyangwa mu bitaro bikuru kugira ngo bakore ubuvuzi bwo kuvura indwara zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri; ubuvuzi bwo kuvura indwara zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri muri rusange bukorerwa mu bigo bivura indwara zo mu cyiciro cya gatatu, cyane cyane mu gihe umurwayi amaze kugira ubuzima bwiza, yimurirwa mu bitaro bivura indwara zo mu cyiciro cya mbere kugira ngo avurwe; ubuvuzi bwo kuvura indwara zo mu cyiciro cya mbere muri rusange bukorerwa mu bigo bivura indwara zo mu gihe kirekire (amavuriro avura indwara zo mu mutwe n'amavuriro yo hanze y'umuryango, nibindi), cyane cyane iyo abarwayi badakeneye kujya mu bitaro kandi bashobora kwimurirwa mu bitaro bivura indwara zo mu muryango no mu miryango.

Kubera ko kubaka ibikorwa remezo by’ubuvuzi bwo gusana bigomba kugura ibikoresho byinshi by’ubuvuzi bwo gusana, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yasohoye "Amabwiriza yo kubaka no gucunga amashami y’ubuvuzi bwo gusana mu bitaro bikuru" mu 2011 n’"Amahame Ngenderwaho y’Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bwo Gusana mu bitaro bikuru (Igeragezwa)" yasohotse mu 2012 nk'urugero, ibitaro bikuru byo ku rwego rwa 2 no hejuru bisaba gushyiraho amashami y’ubuvuzi bwo gusana, kandi bigasaba gushyiraho ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byo gusana bisanzwe. Kubwibyo, kubaka ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byo gusana bizazana umubare munini w’ibikenewe mu kugura ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byo gusana, bityo bigateza imbere inganda zose z’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byo gusana.

2. Ubwiyongere bw'abaturage bakeneye kuvugururwa

Muri iki gihe, abaturage bakeneye kuvurwa ahanini bagizwe n’abamaze kubagwa, abageze mu zabukuru, abarwayi badakira n’abafite ubumuga.

Gusubira mu buzima nyuma yo kubagwa ni ikintu gikenewe cyane. Muri rusange kubagwa bitera abarwayi ihungabana ryo mu mutwe no ku mubiri. Kutagira isubira mu buzima nyuma yo kubagwa bishobora gutera ububabare n'ingorane nyuma yo kubagwa, mu gihe gusubira mu buzima nyuma yo kubagwa bishobora gufasha abarwayi gukira vuba ihungabana ryo kubagwa, kubangamira ibibazo, no kunoza ubuzima bw'abarwayi. Gutanga umwuka no kugarura imikorere y'ingingo. Mu 2017, umubare w'abarwayi barwariye mu bitaro mu bigo by'ubuvuzi n'ubuzima mu gihugu cyanjye wageze kuri miliyoni 50, naho mu 2018, wageze kuri miliyoni 58. Biteganijwe ko umubare w'abarwayi nyuma yo kubagwa uzakomeza kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza, bigatuma uruhande rw'abakeneye ubufasha mu buvuzi bwo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe rukomeza kwaguka.

Ukwiyongera kw'itsinda ry'abageze mu zabukuru bizazana imbaraga zikomeye mu kwiyongera kw'ibikenewe mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi bwo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe. Ingendo yo gusaza kw'abaturage mu gihugu cyanjye imaze kuba ingenzi cyane. Nk'uko Ikigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere ry'Abageze mu zabukuru kibitangaza, "Raporo y'Ubushakashatsi ku Iterambere ry'Abageze mu zabukuru mu Bushinwa" kibitangaza, kuva mu 2021 kugeza 2050 ni cyo cyiciro cyo gusaza kwihutisha kw'abaturage b'igihugu cyanjye, kandi umubare w'abaturage barengeje imyaka 60 uziyongera kuva mu 2018, kuva kuri 17.9% kugera hejuru ya 30% muri 2050. Umubare munini w'amatsinda mashya y'abageze mu zabukuru uzazana ukwiyongera gukomeye mu gukenera serivisi z'ubuvuzi zo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi byo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe, cyane cyane ukwiyongera kw'itsinda ry'abageze mu zabukuru bafite ikibazo cy'imikorere mibi cyangwa ubumuga, ibyo bikazatuma umubare w'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi byo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe wiyongera.

Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Nyakanga-2022

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