Kubera ko hakiri intera nini hagati y’inganda z’ubuvuzi zita ku buzima bw’igihugu cyanjye na gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikuze ikuze mu bihugu byateye imbere, haracyari byinshi byo gutera imbere mu nganda z’ubuvuzi zita ku buzima busanzwe, bizateza imbere iterambere ry’inganda zikoreshwa mu buvuzi. Byongeye kandi, urebye ubwiyongere bw’umubare w’abantu bakeneye ubuvuzi bwita ku buzima busanzwe no kongera ubushobozi bw’abaturage n’ubushake bwo kwishyura bitewe n’ubwishingizi bw’ubuvuzi bwuzuye, ubushobozi bw’iterambere ry’inganda zikoreshwa mu buvuzi busubiza mu buzima busanzwe buracyari bunini.
1. Umwanya mugari witerambere ryinganda zubuvuzi zita ku buzima busanzwe utera imbere ibikoresho byubuvuzi busubiza mu buzima busanzwe
Nubwo icyifuzo cyo kwivuza cyita ku buzima busanzwe mu gihugu cyanjye kigenda cyiyongera ndetse na gahunda y’ubuvuzi yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nayo iri mu nzira y’iterambere rihoraho, umutungo w’ubuvuzi busubiza mu buzima busanzwe wibanda cyane mu bitaro bikuru bya kaminuza, kugeza na n'ubu bikaba bitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi busubiza abarwayi mu bihe bikomeye by’indwara. Sisitemu nziza y’inzego eshatu zita ku buzima busanzwe mu bihugu byateye imbere ntishobora gusa kwemeza ko abarwayi bahabwa serivisi zita ku buzima busanzwe, ariko kandi no koherezwa ku gihe kugira ngo babike amafaranga yo kwivuza.
Dufashe nk'Amerika nk'urugero, gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe icyiciro cya gatatu gikorerwa mu bigo bishinzwe gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe, cyane cyane ku barwayi bari mu cyiciro gikaze kugira ngo bitabare vuba bishoboka mu gihe cyo kwivuriza mu bitaro byihutirwa cyangwa mu bitaro bikuru kugira ngo basubize ubuzima ku buriri; icyiciro cya kabiri cyo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe gikorerwa mu bigo byita ku barwayi nyuma y’icyiciro, cyane cyane nyuma y’uko umurwayi ameze neza, bimurirwa mu bitaro byita ku buzima busanzwe kugira ngo bavurwe; icyiciro cya mbere cyo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe gikorerwa mu bigo byita ku barwayi bamara igihe kirekire (amavuriro asubiza mu buzima busanzwe n’amavuriro y’abaturage, n'ibindi), cyane cyane iyo abarwayi badakeneye ibitaro kandi bashobora kwimurirwa mu baturage no mu buzima busanzwe.
Kubera ko ibikorwa remezo bya gahunda y’ubuvuzi busubiza mu buzima busanzwe bigomba kugura ibikoresho byinshi by’ubuvuzi busubiza mu buzima busanzwe, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yasohoye "Amabwiriza yo kubaka no gucunga amashami y’ubuvuzi busubiza mu buzima busanzwe mu bitaro bikuru" mu mwaka wa 2011 na "Ibipimo fatizo by’ishami ry’ubuvuzi busubiza mu buzima busanzwe ibitaro rusange (ibizamini) bisaba ko hashyirwaho urwego rusanzwe rw’ubuvuzi. Kubwibyo, iyubakwa ry’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi byita ku buzima bizazana umubare munini w’amasoko ku bikoresho by’ubuvuzi bisubiza mu buzima busanzwe, bityo bitume inganda zose z’ubuvuzi zisubiza mu buzima busanzwe. kwiteza imbere.
2. Ubwiyongere bw'abaturage bakeneye gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe
Kugeza ubu, abaturage bakeneye gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe bagizwe ahanini n’abaturage nyuma y’ubuvuzi, abaturage bageze mu za bukuru, abaturage barwaye indwara zidakira ndetse n’abafite ubumuga.
Gusubira mu buzima busanzwe nyuma yo gukosorwa birakenewe cyane. Kubaga muri rusange bitera abarwayi ihungabana ryo mu mutwe no ku mubiri. Kutagira ubuzima busanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa birashobora gukurura byoroshye ububabare nyuma yo kubagwa ndetse n’ibibazo, mu gihe nyuma yo kubagwa nyuma yo kubaga bishobora gufasha abarwayi gukira vuba ihungabana ry’ububaga, bikabuza kubaho ibibazo, no kuzamura ubuzima bw’abarwayi. Umwuka no kugarura imikorere yingingo. Muri 2017, umubare w’abaganga babaga mu bitaro by’ubuvuzi n’ubuzima mu gihugu cyanjye wageze kuri miliyoni 50, naho muri 2018, ugera kuri miliyoni 58. Biteganijwe ko umubare w'abarwayi nyuma yo kubagwa uzakomeza kwiyongera mu bihe biri imbere, bigatuma hakomeza kwaguka uruhande rusabwa mu nganda z’ubuvuzi zita ku buzima.
Ubwiyongere bw'itsinda rishaje bizazana imbaraga zikomeye zo kwiyongera kw'ibisabwa mu nganda z'ubuvuzi zita ku buzima. Ikigero cyo gusaza kwabaturage mugihugu cyanjye kimaze kugaragara cyane. Nk’uko raporo y’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe gusaza "Raporo y’ubushakashatsi ku cyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’abasaza mu Bushinwa", ivuga ko igihe cyo kuva mu 2021 kugeza mu wa 2050 ari cyo cyiciro cy’ubusaza bwihuse bw’abatuye igihugu cyanjye, kandi umubare w’abaturage barengeje imyaka 60 uziyongera kuva mu mwaka wa 2018. bizatera kwaguka gukenera ibikoresho byubuvuzi bisubiza mu buzima busanzwe.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-20-2022
